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146 Snchez-CastaedaC.CherubiniA.ElifaniF.PranP.OrobelloS.CapelliG.et al (2013)

Carotenoids Carotenoids, derived from cyanobacteria have demonstrated significant antioxidative properties, primarily through their ability to scavenge ROS

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Similarly, despite the presence of oxidative stress, no alterations were observed in protein carbonyl levels, an indicator of oxidative stress-induced damage to proteins 56

Unlike some cosmetics and supplements, these drugs have been well-researched and are tightly regulated by the FDA

In addition to reducing oxidative stress, quercetin has been reported to directly inhibit S aggregation and associated cytotoxicity, helping to maintain neuronal cell survival and attenuate key pathological hallmarks of PD